Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Overview
An overview of oral and maxillofacial anatomy focusing on the structures of teeth, jaws, and surrounding tissues. The paper emphasizes how skeletal and soft tissues, maxilla, mandible, TMJ, and oral mucosa, work together to support essential functions like mastication and speech.
Overview
A concise synthesis of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), highlighting sex-based differences in prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes, with a focus on estrogen-mediated mechanisms influencing pain, inflammation, and connective tissue remodeling within the temporomandibular joint, and their implications for diagnosis, risk stratification, and targeted therapeutic approaches.